Define the term 'pharmacogenomics.'

The term 'pharmacogenomics' refers specifically to the study of how genes influence an individual's response to medications. This field combines pharmacology (the study of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to understand the genetic factors that affect drug efficacy and safety. Through pharmacogenomics, researchers aim to personalize medical treatments based on an individual’s genetic makeup, allowing for tailored medication regimens that optimize therapeutic effects and minimize adverse effects.

Understanding how genetic variation impacts drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity can lead to more effective and safer medication practices. This research is especially important in areas such as oncology, psychiatry, and pain management, where responsiveness to treatment can vary significantly between individuals due to their genetic differences.