What are microbial fuel cells primarily used for?

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are primarily used for converting organic compounds into electrical energy. In MFCs, microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter, which in the process generates electrons. These electrons then flow through an external circuit, producing electricity. This technology leverages biological processes to not only produce energy but also to treat organic waste, showcasing a dual benefit: sustainable energy generation and waste management.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary function of microbial fuel cells. While converting solar energy into electricity pertains to solar panels, using bacteria to produce food aligns more with bioprocessing for food production rather than energy generation. Filtration of water contaminants, while important in biotechnology, refers to separate processes focused on purification rather than energy production through microbial action. Thus, the primary focus of microbial fuel cells on converting organic compounds into electrical energy distinguishes this option as the correct choice.