What is Agrobacterium tumefaciens used for in plant biotechnology?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a crucial tool in plant biotechnology specifically because of its unique ability to transfer DNA into plant cells. This bacterium naturally infects plants through wounds and integrates a segment of its DNA (known as T-DNA) into the plant's genome. This process allows scientists to introduce new genes into a plant's DNA, enabling genetic modifications that can lead to desired traits such as pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, or enhanced nutritional value.

The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in genetic modification has revolutionized the field of plant genetics, making it possible to develop genetically engineered crops with enhanced qualities. This transformation method is widely employed in research and agriculture to create transgenic plants, which can be tailored to meet specific agricultural challenges and improve food security. Thus, its role as a tool for transferring genes into plant cells is foundational in the advancements of biotechnology in agriculture.