What is cell differentiation?

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Cell differentiation refers to the biological process where a less specialized cell develops into a more specialized cell type. This is fundamental in the development of multicellular organisms, as it allows for the formation of various cell types that can perform distinct functions essential for the overall operation of an organism. During differentiation, cells undergo changes in gene expression that enable them to acquire specific structures, functions, and characteristics that are unique to their respective cell types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or epithelial cells.

This process is crucial for the organization and functionality of tissues and organs. For instance, stem cells, which are relatively unspecialized, can differentiate into various specialized cells that contribute to different functions within the body. The differentiation process is tightly regulated, ensuring that cells develop their particular roles at appropriate times during development and in response to external cues. Hence, the focus on how cells transition from a generalized state to a specialized state highlights the essence of cell differentiation.

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