What is DNA sequencing used for?

DNA sequencing is a pivotal technique used to determine the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. This process allows scientists and researchers to analyze genetic information, understand genetic variations, and identify specific sequences crucial for various biological functions. By accurately identifying the sequence of nucleotides—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)—researchers can infer the genetic instructions encoded in DNA, which plays a vital role in genomics, evolutionary biology, and medicine.

While other options mentioned involve significant biotechnological advancements, they do not specifically pertain to the primary function of DNA sequencing. Protein expression measurement involves different techniques, such as Western blotting or quantitative PCR, and editing the genetic code directly relates more to technologies like CRISPR/Cas9. Vaccine creation, although increasingly informed by genetic findings, primarily involves other methodologies focused on antigen presentation and immune response rather than direct sequencing. Thus, the use of DNA sequencing to ascertain nucleotide order stands as its fundamental application within the field.