What is the difference between somatic and germline gene therapy?

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The correct answer highlights a fundamental distinction in gene therapy approaches regarding the types of cells targeted. Somatic gene therapy specifically addresses non-reproductive cells, which means the modifications made through this therapy are not passed on to future generations. This type of therapy is often used to treat specific diseases or conditions in a patient by correcting genes in affected tissues.

In contrast, germline gene therapy targets reproductive cells, such as sperm or eggs, which means any genetic alterations made can be inherited by future offspring. This gene editing has the potential to prevent hereditary diseases from being passed down through generations, making it a subject of considerable ethical and regulatory discussion.

The other options do not accurately describe the differences between somatic and germline gene therapy. For example, while the permanence of the modifications differs between the two therapies, it is the targeting of reproductive versus non-reproductive cells that is the defining factor separating them. Additionally, all medical procedures carry risks, and the claim that one type is riskier than the other is not a straightforward assessment. Lastly, both types of therapy can utilize viral vectors depending on the specific technique and goal of the treatment, so the assertion that only one does is not accurate.

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