What is the primary goal of bioremediation?

The primary goal of bioremediation is to clean up contaminated environments using microorganisms. This process involves the use of natural or engineered microbes to break down hazardous substances, such as heavy metals, oil spills, pesticides, and other pollutants, into less harmful forms or to completely mineralize them. Bioremediation can occur either in situ (at the site of contamination) or ex situ (where contaminated material is removed and treated elsewhere). The effectiveness of this method is primarily due to the ability of certain microorganisms to metabolize organic pollutants, making it a crucial strategy for environmental cleanup and restoration.

Other options mention related concepts, like enhancing soil fertility or developing biofuels, but do not directly address the primary focus of bioremediation as an environmental clean-up method.