Which of the following is a primary application of recombinant DNA technology?

The primary application of recombinant DNA technology is producing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This technology involves manipulating an organism's DNA to include genes from other species, enabling the organism to exhibit new traits. For example, scientists can insert a gene from a bacterium into a plant's genome to confer resistance to pests or herbicides, which enhances agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Recombinant DNA technology is a powerful tool in biotechnology as it allows researchers to understand gene functions and develop crops with improved traits such as drought resistance or enhanced nutritional value. This capability is essential for addressing food security and agricultural challenges in an increasingly demanding environment.