Which organism is commonly used in genetic engineering experiments?

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Escherichia coli, often referred to simply as E. coli, is widely recognized as the primary organism used in genetic engineering experiments, particularly for molecular cloning and the production of recombinant proteins. This bacterium is favored due to its rapid growth and ability to thrive in various laboratory conditions, making it an ideal host for gene manipulation and genetic studies.

In genetic engineering, researchers can easily insert, delete, or modify genes within E. coli's genome. The bacterium’s well-characterized genetics and the availability of numerous plasmids (circular DNA used to carry foreign genes) greatly facilitate these processes. Furthermore, E. coli has a relatively simple cellular structure, allowing scientists to study gene function and expression without the complications often associated with more complex organisms.

Other organisms, such as mice and plants, play important roles in genetic engineering as well, particularly in the context of understanding gene function in multicellular organisms or producing genetically modified crops. However, E. coli remains the workhorse of genetic engineering experiments due to its simplicity, ease of manipulation, and efficiency in protein production.

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